Methanol extract of Pergularia daemia (Forssk.) Chiov. leaves induce apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer through intrinsic pathway

Most traditional anticancer medications are ineffective in treating triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), which has enhanced resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Herbs continue be a key element the discovery of medications. In present study, we assessed cytotoxicity methanol extract leaves Pergularia daemia (MLPD) MDA-MB-231 triple-negative (TNBC) cell line. The MLPD was using MTT assay revealed significant concentration-dependent with an IC50 value 35.95±3.57 µg/mL. Morphological evaluation cells treated showed cytotoxic changes like vacuole formation, altered morphology, and reduction number apoptotic bodies formation. Staining techniques, such as acridine orange ethidium bromide (AO/EB) early apoptosis characterized by yellow-green fluorescence crescent-shaped nucleus. Hoechst 33258 staining nuclear marginalization indicative changes. To assess mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), did JC-1 results green dependent pathway. Comet confirmed DNA damaging property MLPD. Western blotting analysis downregulation Bcl-2 0.52±0.03 folds no change caspase-8 expression. Hence, study demonstrated that possessed potent effect against TNBC through mitochondria mediated intrinsic pathway apoptosis.